Students should consider the use of Chat-GPT and similar generative AI technologies the same as using the internet, and therefore follow the same school guidance regarding its usage. Below is an overview of citation examples based on guidance from the Chicago Manual of Style. See our HBS Citation Guide (page 20) for more in-depth information.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF USE

The Chicago Manual of Style recommends including a general acknowledgment of AI if you use it as a tool to complete your writing or project work, even if you do not quote or paraphrase output:

          Interview questions used for the project were in part generated using ChatGPT.

VERBATIM RESPONSE TEXT

Indicate any verbatim use of generative AI tools with quotation marks and list any prompts used to generate the content, followed by a footnote. For example, when providing verbatim text within your research, consider the phrasing below to introduce the verbatim text:

          When posed with the question, “What is the history of the bond market?” Chat-GPT explains,

          [insert AI verbatim text here]

Footnote Template:

x Text generated by Chat platform or author, Chat program, Month Day, Year, URL.

Footnote Examples:

1 Text generated by ChatGPT, OpenAI, February 8, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat.
1 Text generated by Claude, Anthropic, August 4, 2023, https://claude.ai/chats.

VERBATIM RESPONSE TEXT - PROMPT NOT INCLUDED

If you have not included the prompt in the body of your work, include in the footnote as follows.

1 ChatGPT, response to “What is the history of the bond market?” OpenAI, March 7, 2023.

EDITED RESPONSE TEXT

If you have used a generative AI tool for your research and you edited the response, include a note within the footnote:

1 Text generated by ChatGPT, OpenAI, February 8, 2023, https://chat.openai.com/chat.  Edited for style and content.